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The Vedas

The Vedas are the most ancient scriptures of India and are regarded by the orthodox as the direct revelation and supreme authority in all religious matters.

There are four Vedas:the Rik, Sama, Yajur and Atharva. Each consists of a ritual or "work" portion and a philosophical or "knowledge" portion. Each ritual portion is comprised of Samhitas, which are a collection of mantras or hymns, most of which are addressed to different deities. The knowledge portion is called the Upanishads. ----Brief Dictionary of Hinduism